UTV / ATV street-legal conversion by state — four pathways

Ala. Code §32-12A — Off-highway-vehicle chapter; public-road operation prohibited with no street-legal conversion section

Alabama has no street-legal pathway for ATVs and UTVs. Ala. Code Title 32 Chapter 12A is the recreational OHV chapter and bars public-road operation without providing for a DMV-titled 'street-legal' class or DNR-issued on-highway permit. Owners seeking on-road operation must purchase a DOT-class side-by-side or motor-driven cycle type-approved under Title 32 Chapter 1 — converted Powersports OHVs are not eligible. No local-government designation mechanism exists for state highways; isolated city ordinances cannot override the statewide §32-12A bar on state-maintained roads.

Allowed roads: Stock ATVs may not be operated on Alabama public roads under any equipment package; the prohibition has no statutory exception for owner-installed lighting / mirrors / DOT-compliance upgrades. Only standard at-grade perpendicular road crossings are permitted.

AS 28.39.020 — Off-highway-vehicle operation; municipal designation authority

Alaska does not provide a statewide DMV street-legal-conversion pathway. AS 28.39 is the OHV chapter; §28.39.020 grants municipalities authority to designate specific roads under their jurisdiction as open to OHV operation. Where designated (commonly small interior boroughs, Mat-Su Valley communities, and Kenai Peninsula towns), riders carry the municipality's local OHV registration / permit in addition to the state DMV OHV registration and operate only on the designated road segments. The Anchorage Bowl and the state-managed Glenn / Parks / Seward / Sterling / Richardson highway corridors are not subject to municipal designation.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight · Brakes · Muffler (sound-limited) · Spark arrestor · Equipment otherwise required by the designating municipality's ordinance

Allowed roads: Only on roads within a municipality that has, by ordinance, designated specific local streets open to OHV operation. State-maintained highways (Glenn, Parks, Seward, Sterling, Richardson, Steese) remain off-limits to recreational OHV operation.

ARS §28-1179 — street-legal off-highway vehicle requirements

Arizona's full DMV-plate pathway. ARS §28-1179 lists the equipment package an OHV must carry to qualify for an on-road registration. Once compliant, the machine receives an Arizona license plate and may operate on all state and county roads where ATVs are not signed prohibited. Driver license, vehicle insurance under ARS §28-4135, and annual highway registration apply on top of the $25 OHV decal.

Equipment: Headlights + taillights · Brake lights · Turn signals · Horn · Rearview mirror · Windshield (or DOT-approved eye protection) · DOT-approved tires · Spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Any state highway where ATVs are not specifically prohibited; not Interstates.

ACA §27-21-106 — ATV operation on public roads; local-government designation exception

Arkansas under ACA §27-21-106 generally prohibits ATV operation on state highways and Interstates with only standard direct-crossing exceptions. Counties (by quorum-court ordinance) and municipalities (by ordinance) may authorise ATV operation on roads under their jurisdiction. Arkansas Game and Fish Commission ATV registration applies to off-highway use; on-road operation under a local-authorisation ordinance requires a valid operator license. Ozark / Ouachita National Forest counties have used the local-option mechanism extensively for trail-town tourism around the Mill Creek, Wolf Pen Gap, and Womble trail systems.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor · Rearview mirror (where required by local ordinance)

Allowed roads: Only on county roads or municipal streets that the local jurisdiction has, by ordinance, opened to ATV operation; state highways and Interstates excluded.

CVC §38001+ — OHV registration is alternative to highway registration, not a path to it

California treats OHV registration (Green Sticker / Red Sticker under CVC §38010) as mutually exclusive with highway registration. There is no California pathway equivalent to the AZ §28-1179 or UT §41-22-10.5 street-legal conversion: a Green Sticker ATV may not be plated for highway operation. The Low-Speed Vehicle (LSV) class under CVC §385.5 covers golf-cart-style vehicles ≤25 mph and does not reach consumer ATVs / UTVs. Crossings remain permitted under the standard OHV cross-the-road carveout.

Allowed roads: No pathway to convert a Green Sticker / Red Sticker ATV to street-legal status. Standard cross-the-road carveout only; no shoulder or designated-route operation.

CRS §33-14.5-108 — OHV operation on public roads requires local-government designation

Colorado does not have a state-level street-legal conversion. CRS §33-14.5-108 reserves on-road OHV operation to roads that a county or municipality has formally opened by ordinance — common in Ouray, San Juan, Mineral, Hinsdale, Lake, and Grand counties (the Alpine Loop / Rico-Silverton-Lake City corridor). On any non-designated state highway, OHV operation is prohibited. Equipment requirements come from the local ordinance, not from a statewide statute.

Equipment: Headlights + brake lights (if operating between sunset and sunrise) · Rearview mirror · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) triangle (where required by local ordinance)

Allowed roads: Only on roads that a county or municipality has specifically opened to OHV travel by ordinance; no statewide on-road pathway.

CGS §14-381 — Snowmobile and all-terrain-vehicle operation; public-highway prohibition with no street-legal conversion provision

Connecticut has no DMV street-legal-conversion pathway for ATVs or UTVs. CGS §14-381 broadly prohibits operation of snowmobiles and ATVs on public highways, with narrow exceptions for direct crossings and limited agricultural / municipal-utility use under CGS §14-386a. There is no statutory mechanism by which a conversion package (lights, mirrors, signals, DOT tires) qualifies a stock ATV for a Connecticut on-road plate. Owners seeking on-road operation must purchase a DOT-class low-speed vehicle or motorcycle and register it under Title 14 Chapter 246 — converted Powersports OHVs are not eligible. Municipalities have no statutory authority to designate state-maintained roads for OHV operation.

Allowed roads: No street-legal pathway is available; ATVs are barred from public roads regardless of installed equipment. Only direct road crossings under CGS §14-386a are permitted.

21 Del. C. Ch. 68 — Off-highway-vehicle operation; public-highway prohibition with no conversion provision

Delaware's OHV chapter (21 Del. C. §6801 et seq.) is a recreational chapter that bars OHV operation on public roadways and dedicated public rights-of-way without providing any DMV-titled street-legal class. Owners may not convert a stock ATV / UTV to a plated highway vehicle under the OHV chapter, the standard motor-vehicle chapter (Title 21 Ch. 21), or any low-speed-vehicle provision — the Delaware DMV will not accept Powersports OHV VINs for road registration. Towns and counties have no statutory authority to designate state-maintained roads for OHV operation; isolated municipal ordinances are limited to private trail-system access roads.

Allowed roads: Delaware has no street-legal pathway for ATVs and UTVs; operation on public highways is prohibited regardless of installed equipment. The only on-road exception is the direct-crossing carveout in the OHV chapter.

Fla. Stat. §316.2074 — ATV operation on public roads prohibited

Florida bars ATVs from public roads under Fla. Stat. §316.2074, with a narrow exception for unpaved roadways where the local government has authorised ATV travel (and only under daylight conditions, with helmet and eye protection if the operator is under 16). There is no DMV-plate conversion pathway for an ATV (quad). UTVs that meet the federal Low-Speed Vehicle equipment standard (FMVSS 500 — 4 wheels, 20-25 mph top speed) may register as an LSV under Fla. Stat. §320.01(41) and operate on roads posted at 35 mph or less — a narrow off-ramp that does not generalise to typical UTVs.

Allowed roads: ATVs are statutorily prohibited from public roads. Standard cross-the-road carveout only; no statewide pathway to street-legal status. Narrow exception: a four-wheel UTV that meets the Low-Speed Vehicle equipment standard under FMVSS 500 may be titled as an LSV under Fla. Stat. §320.01(41) and operated on roads posted ≤35 mph.

OCGA §40-6-330 et seq. — Personal Transportation Vehicle local-government designation; OCGA §40-7-3 — OHV public-road prohibition

Georgia does not have a statewide DMV plate pathway for stock ATVs / UTVs. OCGA §40-7-3 prohibits OHV operation on Georgia's public roads, but two local-option mechanisms exist. (1) OCGA §40-6-330 et seq. authorizes municipalities and counties to designate streets where Personal Transportation Vehicles — a defined low-speed class that can include qualifying side-by-sides — may operate under a local ordinance. (2) Several Georgia counties have used home-rule authority to designate specific unpaved county roads open to OHV use for trail-town tourism, notably in north Georgia mountain counties around the Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest. An ATV / UTV operating on a designated road requires a valid Georgia driver license and the equipment package called out in the controlling ordinance.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight · Stop lamp · Rearview mirror · Horn or audible warning device · Slow-moving-vehicle emblem where required by the designating ordinance · Equipment otherwise required by the local ordinance or Personal Transportation Vehicle (PTV) class

Allowed roads: Only on county-road or municipal-street segments that the local government has, by ordinance, opened to OHVs or to Personal Transportation Vehicles. State highways and Interstates remain prohibited to ATV / UTV operation under OCGA §40-7-3.

HAR Title 13 Chapter 130 — DLNR off-highway-vehicle rules; HRS Ch. 286 — Hawaii motor-vehicle code (no OHV conversion class)

Hawaii has no street-legal pathway for ATVs and UTVs. The DLNR OHV rules (HAR Title 13 Chapter 130) regulate ATV operation on state-designated trail and unimproved-roadway systems but do not provide an on-highway plate. The Hawaii motor-vehicle code (HRS Ch. 286) does not include a conversion class for Powersports OHV VINs; the Hawaii DMV will not issue a highway plate for a stock or converted ATV / UTV. Owners seeking on-road operation must purchase a DOT-class motorcycle, low-speed vehicle, or motor-driven cycle and register it under Ch. 286. The four county-jurisdiction governments (Honolulu, Hawaii, Maui, Kauai) have no statutory authority to designate state highways for OHV operation.

Allowed roads: ATVs and UTVs may not be operated on any Hawaii public road under any equipment configuration; on-road operation is confined to DLNR-designated trail-access roads where specifically opened by rule.

Idaho Code §49-426 — Restricted Vehicle license plate for OHVs

Idaho's 'Restricted Vehicle' license plate under Idaho Code §49-426 is the operative pathway for OHV street-legal conversion. A compliant ATV / UTV may receive a restricted-vehicle plate through county assessor offices and operate on roads posted at 45 mph or less. Idaho vehicle insurance under Idaho Code §49-1229 attaches at restricted-vehicle registration. The Idaho Department of Parks & Recreation OHV sticker remains the off-highway credential, separate from the restricted-vehicle plate.

Equipment: Headlights + taillights · Brake lights · Brakes (foot-operated) · Horn · Rearview mirrors · Muffler · Spark arrestor · Windshield (or DOT-approved eye protection)

Allowed roads: Any Idaho public road posted at 45 mph or less; higher-speed-limit roads excluded; not Interstates.

625 ILCS 5/11-1426.1 — non-highway vehicle (ATV / UTV) operation on roadways under local authorisation

Illinois under 625 ILCS 5/11-1426.1 authorises municipalities and counties to permit non-highway vehicle (ATV, UTV, golf cart, neighbourhood electric vehicle) operation on roads under their jurisdiction by ordinance. Roads opened under the mechanism must generally have a posted speed limit of 35 mph or less; state and US highways and Interstates remain off-limits. Operators must hold a valid driver license and the vehicle must meet the equipment package in the local ordinance. Illinois does not have a statewide DMV-plate conversion route for an ATV / UTV — the framework is strictly local-option authorisation.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight · Brake lights · Brakes · Rearview mirror · Muffler + spark arrestor · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (where required)

Allowed roads: Only on municipal streets or non-state-maintained county highways that the local governing body has, by ordinance, opened to non-highway-vehicle operation; state and US highways and Interstates excluded.

IC §14-16-1-23 — ORV operation on highways prohibited; local-authority designation exception

Indiana's Off-Road Vehicle Act under IC §14-16 generally prohibits ORV operation on public highways. Under IC §14-16-1-23(c) a county, city, or town may by ordinance authorise ORV operation on highways under its jurisdiction. State highways and Interstates remain off-limits. Indiana DNR ORV registration under IC §14-16-1-20 is required regardless of any local-road authorisation — it is the off-highway credential, not a street-legal plate.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor · Rearview mirror (where required by local ordinance)

Allowed roads: Only on county or municipal highways that the local authority has, by ordinance, opened to ORV operation; state highways and Interstates excluded.

Iowa Code §321I.10 — county/city authority to designate ATV/OHV roads; §321I.14 — ditch and right-of-way authorisation

Iowa Code §321I.10 vests counties and cities with the authority to designate roads or portions of roads under their jurisdiction for OHV operation by ordinance. Iowa Code §321I.14 separately authorises counties to allow ATV / UTV travel in the highway right-of-way / ditch on county-designated routes — a distinctive Iowa feature among Midwest states. State primary highways and Interstates are off-limits regardless of any local action. Iowa DNR OHV registration is required for any road operation under either mechanism.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (on county-designated roads)

Allowed roads: Only on county or municipal roads that the local jurisdiction has, by ordinance, designated for OHV operation; right-of-way ditch travel may also be authorised by county ordinance under Iowa Code §321I.14; state primary highways and Interstates excluded.

KSA §8-15a05 et seq. — ATV operation on highways; KSA §8-126(z) — work-site utility vehicle class

Kansas under KSA §8-15a05 et seq. authorises city and county governing bodies to permit ATV operation on roads under their jurisdiction by ordinance or resolution. Kansas separately recognises a 'Work-Site Utility Vehicle' (WSUV) class under KSA §8-126(z) — modified UTV-style vehicles meeting additional equipment standards may receive city- or county-issued operating authorisation distinct from the standard ATV regime. State and US highways and Interstates remain off-limits in both cases. Kansas does not maintain a standalone ATV registration program; the operative credentials are local authorisation plus standard driver license.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (where required) · Muffler + spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Only on county roads and city streets that the local government has, by ordinance, opened to ATV operation; state and US highways and Interstates excluded. Kansas also recognises a separate 'Work-Site Utility Vehicle' (WSUV) class for modified UTV-style vehicles under additional equipment standards.

KRS §189.515 — ATV operation on public highways prohibited; local-government designation exception

Kentucky generally prohibits ATV operation on public highways under KRS §189.515. The same statute permits city, county, urban-county, and consolidated-local governments to designate specific roads under their jurisdiction for ATV use. There is no statewide DMV-plate conversion pathway. Kentucky does not maintain an OHV registration program comparable to neighboring states; the operative road-use credential is the local-government authorisation plus a valid driver license. Several Eastern Kentucky counties have made extensive use of the local-option designation to support trail-town tourism around the Hatfield-McCoy Regional Trail spillover and KY OHV trail systems.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise, where operated under local authorisation) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Only on highways that a city, county, urban-county, or consolidated-local government has, by ordinance, designated for ATV operation; state and federal highways excluded; not Interstates.

La. R.S. 32:299 — ATV / off-road-vehicle operation on highways

Louisiana under La. R.S. 32:299 generally prohibits ATV / off-road-vehicle operation on public highways. Parishes (by ordinance of the parish governing authority) and municipalities (by ordinance) may authorise ATV operation on roads under their jurisdiction. State highways and Interstates remain off-limits regardless of local action. Standard direct-crossing and limited agricultural/hunting-travel carveouts apply. Louisiana does not maintain a comprehensive OHV registration program — the operative road-use credential is local-government authorisation plus a valid driver license.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (where required)

Allowed roads: Only on parish roads or municipal streets that the parish or municipality has, by ordinance, opened to ATV operation; state highways and Interstates excluded; direct-crossing exceptions for hunting/farming travel.

12 MRS §13157 — ATV operation on public ways; municipal designation

Maine under 12 MRS §13157 generally prohibits ATV operation on public ways except where a municipality has by ordinance designated specific roads for ATV use, on unpaved shoulders of certain public ways under daylight conditions, and on state-designated ATV trail systems. State highways and Interstates remain off-limits. Maine Bureau of Parks and Lands ATV registration is required for any operation on public lands or municipal-designated roads. Northern Maine towns (Aroostook County, the broader ATV trail-town network operated under the Maine ATV Association connector system) have used the local-option mechanism extensively.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Only on public ways that a municipality has, by ordinance, designated for ATV operation; on the unpaved shoulder of certain public ways under daylight conditions; state highways and Interstates excluded.

MD Transp. §21-1311 — Off-highway-vehicle operation on highways prohibited; MD NR Title 10 Subtitle 9 — OHV chapter with no street-legal conversion provision

Maryland's OHV chapter (MD Natural Resources Title 10 Subtitle 9) and motor-vehicle code (MD Transp. §21-1311) jointly bar operation of off-highway vehicles on Maryland public roads and shoulders. There is no statewide DMV street-legal-conversion class, no DNR-issued on-highway permit, and no local-government designation authority for state-maintained roads. The MVA will not register an ATV / UTV / side-by-side VIN for highway operation; owners seeking on-road operation must purchase a DOT-class low-speed vehicle, motor-driven cycle, or off-highway-vehicle / low-speed-vehicle import type-certified for road use under MD Transp. Title 11. Baltimore, Prince George's, and Montgomery County local ordinances explicitly reinforce the state-level prohibition.

Allowed roads: Maryland has no street-legal pathway for ATVs and UTVs; on-road operation is prohibited regardless of installed equipment. Only the direct-crossing exception under MD NR §10-913 is permitted.

M.G.L. c.90B §22 — ATV / recreation-vehicle registration; §26 — operation on public ways prohibited

Massachusetts under M.G.L. c.90B §22 et seq. treats ATVs as off-highway recreation vehicles only. §26 prohibits operation on any public way except for direct crossings under specific conditions. There is no statewide DMV-plate conversion pathway and no codified local-option mechanism allowing municipalities to designate roads for ATV operation. MA Environmental Police enforce the off-highway use rules; ATV registration through the state Environmental Police is a recreation-vehicle credential, not a motor-vehicle plate. Riders are limited to private property and a small number of MA Department of Conservation and Recreation designated OHV areas (Pittsfield SF, Beartown SF, Tolland SF).

Allowed roads: Recreation vehicles, including ATVs, are prohibited from public roads under M.G.L. c.90B §26 with only standard direct-crossing exceptions. There is no statutory mechanism authorising local governments to designate ATV routes on public ways; no DMV-plate conversion pathway exists.

MCL §324.81131 — ORV operation on roadway prohibited; §324.81131(7) — local authorisation

Michigan's ORV Act (Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, Part 811, MCL §324.81131) prohibits ORV operation on state and federal highways. County and local authorities may by ordinance open county roads, streets, and highways under their jurisdiction to ORV operation. Most Upper Peninsula counties and many northern Lower Peninsula counties have done so; southern Michigan counties largely have not. ORVs operating on opened roads must carry the Michigan ORV license under Part 811 and observe any restrictions in the authorizing ordinance — there is no statewide DMV-plate conversion route.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise / restricted visibility) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor · Rearview mirror · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (where required)

Allowed roads: Only on county roads, streets, and highways that a county, city, township, or village has, by ordinance, opened to ORV operation; state and federal highways excluded; not Interstates.

Minn. Stat. §84.928 — Class 1 / Class 2 ATV operation on roadways

Minnesota splits ATVs into Class 1 (smaller, broader shoulder access) and Class 2 (larger, requires local-authority designation). Both run under DNR registration — no DMV plate. Minn. Stat. §84.928 grants Class 1 ATVs the right to operate in the right-hand ditch / shoulder of most state-trunk-highway right-of-way, with prohibitions in metropolitan-area counties (Hennepin, Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Ramsey, Scott, Washington) and where signed. Class 2 always requires local opt-in. Crossings are governed separately under §84.928 subd. 1.

Equipment: Headlight (under restricted conditions / nighttime) · Taillight · Brake light · Functional muffler + USFS-approved spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Class 1 ATVs (≤1,000 lb dry weight) on shoulder or extreme right of certain state-trunk highways and any county road right-of-way designated for Class 1 use; Class 2 ATVs (>1,000 lb) on shoulder / extreme right only where the local road authority has specifically opened the segment.

MS Code §63-31-9 — county and municipal authority to designate OHV-eligible roads

Mississippi does not provide a statewide DMV street-legal-conversion pathway. MS Code Title 63 Chapter 31 governs off-road vehicles and §63-31-7 prohibits operation on the state highway system. §63-31-9 grants counties (by board-of-supervisors ordinance) and municipalities (by city ordinance) authority to authorize ATV / UTV operation on roads under their jurisdiction. Where authorized, riders carry a valid Mississippi driver license and operate only on the designated road segments. Delta and northeast hill-county jurisdictions (Tunica, Coahoma, Tishomingo, Tippah) have used the mechanism most actively for trail-town tourism around the Tunica River, Wall Doxey, and Tishomingo State Park trail networks.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler · Spark arrestor · Equipment otherwise required by the designating county or municipal ordinance

Allowed roads: Only on county roads and municipal streets within a jurisdiction that has, by ordinance, authorized ATV / UTV operation. State highways and Interstates remain prohibited under MS Code §63-31-7.

RSMo §304.013 — ATV operation on highways

Missouri's RSMo §304.013 is unusual among Midwest states: ATVs are statutorily authorised on most non-Interstate state and county highways outside of city corporate limits under daylight conditions, with operator-license, passenger, and slow-moving-vehicle-emblem restrictions. Municipal and county governments may by ordinance prohibit ATV operation on roads within their jurisdiction — many cities have. The pathway tag captures the operational reality that on-road use depends on the absence of a local prohibition rather than the presence of a local authorisation. There is no DMV-plate conversion; ATVs operated under §304.013 register through the Missouri Department of Revenue as ATVs, not as motor vehicles.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (when operated on roads) · Brakes · Rearview mirror · Muffler + spark arrestor · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (where required)

Allowed roads: By default authorised on non-Interstate state and county highways outside city corporate limits during daylight hours, subject to passenger and operator-license restrictions; municipalities and counties may by ordinance prohibit operation within their jurisdiction; not Interstates.

MCA §61-3-101 + §61-3-321 — street-legal ATV motor-vehicle title and registration

Montana's 'Street-Legal ATV' designation under MCA §61-3-101 allows an ATV / UTV that meets the equipment package above to receive a Montana motor-vehicle title and license plate through the Montana Motor Vehicle Division. Driver license and motor-vehicle insurance under MCA §61-6-103 attach at on-road registration. The Montana FWP OHV decal under MCA §23-2-804 remains the off-highway credential and is separate from the street-legal plate — required for state-trail use regardless of plate status.

Equipment: Headlights + taillights · Brake lights · Turn signals · Horn · Rearview mirror · Windshield (or DOT-approved eye protection) · Muffler + spark arrestor · DOT-approved tires

Allowed roads: Any Montana state or local public road where ATV operation is not signed prohibited; not Interstates.

Neb. Rev. Stat. §60-6,355 — ATV / UTV operation on highways under local authorisation

Nebraska under Neb. Rev. Stat. §60-6,355 authorises municipalities (by ordinance of the city council or village board) and counties (by resolution of the county board) to permit ATV and UTV operation on roads under their jurisdiction. State and US highways and Interstates remain off-limits regardless of local action. Nebraska's ATV/UTV operation is otherwise prohibited on highways under §60-6,355(1) absent a local-authorisation ordinance. Nebraska does not maintain a standalone ATV registration program; the operative credentials are local authorisation plus a valid driver license.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Rearview mirror · Muffler + spark arrestor · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (where required)

Allowed roads: Only on municipal streets or county roads that the local governing body has, by ordinance, opened to ATV / UTV operation; state and US highways and Interstates excluded; crossings allowed at controlled intersections.

NRS §490.520 — off-highway vehicles operated as street-legal motor vehicles

Nevada provides a full DMV-plate pathway under NRS §490.520. A compliant OHV may apply for a Nevada motor-vehicle title and registration through the DMV, receive a standard Nevada license plate, and operate on every public road except Interstates and other controlled-access freeways. Nevada vehicle insurance under NRS §485 attaches at the moment of street-legal registration. The OHV decal under NRS Chapter 490 remains the off-highway credential and stacks on top of, not in place of, the street-legal plate.

Equipment: Headlights + taillights · Brake lights · Turn signals · Horn · Rearview mirrors (left side; centre or right where required) · Windshield (or DOT-approved eye protection) · Spark arrestor + muffler · DOT-approved tires

Allowed roads: Any Nevada road or highway open to motor vehicles, including state highways; not Interstates or controlled-access freeways.

NH RSA 215-A:6 — OHRV operation on highways; municipal authorisation + Connector Trail program

New Hampshire's OHRV (Off-Highway Recreational Vehicle) framework under NH RSA 215-A treats OHRVs as a specialised on-road class. Road operation requires either (a) municipal authorisation on Class V or Class VI town highways under §215-A:6, or (b) NH DOT signed designation as a Connector Trail on the shoulder of Class I / II state highways. NH Fish & Game OHRV registration plus a valid NH driver license is the credential package — there is no separate motor-vehicle plate. The Connector Trail program is what enables the famed Coos County north-of-the-notches trail-town network where ATVs reach motels, gas stations, and restaurants directly on the shoulder of state-numbered routes.

Equipment: Helmet (all ages) · Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise / restricted visibility) · Brakes · Rearview mirror · Muffler + spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Only on Class V or Class VI municipally-maintained / unmaintained highways that a municipality has, by ordinance, opened to OHRV operation; on the shoulder of Class I / II state highways where NH DOT has signed the route open under the Connector Trail program; not Interstates.

NJSA 39:3C-3 — ATV registration; 39:3C-21 — operation on public roads prohibited

New Jersey under NJSA 39:3C broadly prohibits ATV operation on any public road, highway, parking lot, or sidewalk. There is no statewide DMV-plate conversion pathway and no statutory local-option mechanism. The 39:3C statute focuses on off-road registration rather than on-road operation; ATVs in New Jersey are limited to private property (with written permission) and to designated trail systems — which are sparse: NJSA 13:1L explicitly bars ATVs from state public lands. Riders typically travel to Pennsylvania, Maryland, or West Virginia for public-land OHV access.

Allowed roads: ATVs cannot be plated as street-legal motor vehicles in New Jersey. NJSA 39:3C-3 and 39:3C-21 broadly prohibit ATV operation on any public road, highway, parking lot, or sidewalk with only standard direct-crossing exceptions; there is no statutory mechanism authorising local governments to designate ATV routes.

NMSA §66-3-1011 — Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Act; §66-3-1004 — operation on roadways

New Mexico's Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Act under NMSA §66-3-1011 does not provide a statewide street-legal pathway. Under NMSA §66-3-1004 OHMV operation on paved roadways is prohibited except on segments a county or municipality has designated by ordinance and for standard road crossings. There is no DMV-plate conversion route comparable to neighboring Arizona or Utah. New Mexico Game and Fish OHV registration under NMSA §66-3-1005 is required for all OHMV operation, off-road or on a locally-authorized road.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor · Rearview mirror

Allowed roads: Only on roadways that a county or municipality has, by ordinance, designated for OHMV operation; state and US highways generally excluded; not Interstates.

NY VAT §2403 — operation of ATVs on highways; §2405 — local-authority designation

New York under NY Vehicle and Traffic Law §2403 generally prohibits ATV operation on public highways except as permitted by §2405 and §2406. Counties, towns, cities, and villages may by local law designate roads or portions of roads under their jurisdiction as open to ATV operation; the state DOT may by order designate state-highway segments as open. State-numbered highways and Interstates remain off-limits absent a specific DOT order. NY DMV ATV registration is required for any operation under a local-authorisation ordinance. New York has not codified a DMV-plate conversion pathway for an ATV.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight · Brake light · Brakes · Rearview mirror · Muffler + spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Only on highways, streets, and town roads that the state, county, town, city, or village has, by order/ordinance, opened to ATV operation; state-numbered highways and Interstates generally excluded; standard direct-crossing exceptions apply.

NC Gen Stat §20-171.15 — ATV operation on public roadways prohibited

North Carolina under NC Gen Stat §20-171.15 et seq. broadly prohibits ATV operation on public streets, roads, and highways with only direct-crossing exceptions. Unlike neighboring Tennessee and Virginia, North Carolina has not codified a local-option mechanism allowing counties or municipalities to designate routes for ATV street-legal operation. Riders are limited to private property (with permission), Uwharrie / Nantahala / Pisgah National Forest MVUM-designated motorized routes, and a small number of state and county-park OHV areas. No DMV-plate conversion pathway exists.

Allowed roads: ATVs cannot be plated as street-legal motor vehicles in North Carolina. NC Gen Stat §20-171.15 et seq. prohibit ATV operation on any public street, road, or highway with only standard direct-crossing exceptions; there is no statutory mechanism authorising local governments to designate routes for ATV use.

NDCC §39-29 — OHV operation; NDCC §39-29-01.2 — right-of-way shoulder access

North Dakota has no DMV-plate conversion pathway for an ATV. The ATV title under NDCC §39-29 is not valid for highway motor-vehicle registration. The state's distinctive feature is limited right-of-way / shoulder access under NDCC §39-29-01.2 on most non-Interstate state highways — a shoulder-use regime that requires a valid driver license but does not confer full street-legal status. Cities and counties may by ordinance additionally authorise ATV operation on local streets, but there is no statewide motor-vehicle-plate route. Riders crossing into ND from MT or SD should not assume their home-state street-legal plate confers ND road rights beyond the §39-29-01.2 shoulder access.

Allowed roads: ATVs cannot be plated as full street-legal motor vehicles in North Dakota. NDCC §39-29-01.2 separately authorises limited right-of-way operation on the extreme right portion of certain non-Interstate state highways — that is a shoulder-access regime, not street-legal status, and does not generalise to full-roadway travel.

OH Rev. Code §4519.40 — APV operation on streets and highways under local authority designation

Ohio does not provide a statewide street-legal pathway for All-Purpose Vehicles (APVs, the state's term for ATVs and UTVs). Under OH Rev. Code §4519.40, a township board of trustees or a municipal corporation may by ordinance designate streets and highways under its jurisdiction as open to APV operation. State highways within a municipality may be opened only with concurrence of the Ohio Department of Transportation. APVs must be registered with the Ohio BMV under §4519 before operating on any opened road; the BMV registration is an APV credential, not a highway plate.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (rear)

Allowed roads: Only on streets and highways within a township or municipality that has, by ordinance or resolution, opened the segment to APV operation; state highways generally excluded; not Interstates.

OK Stat 47 §11-1116 — ATV / UTV operation on county roads under local authorisation

Oklahoma's framework under Title 47 §11-1116 authorises county boards of commissioners and municipal governing bodies to permit ATV and UTV operation on roads under their jurisdiction by ordinance or resolution. The default is no road operation outside of standard crossings. Oklahoma has no statewide street-legal ATV class. Operators on locally-authorised roads must hold a valid driver license and carry the required equipment package; motor-vehicle insurance under OK Stat 47 §7-601 applies to any vehicle operated on a public road.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Rearview mirror · Muffler + spark arrestor · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (where required)

Allowed roads: Only on unpaved county roads or city / town streets that the local jurisdiction has, by ordinance or resolution, opened to ATV / UTV operation; state and US highways and Interstates excluded.

ORS 821.191 — Class IV all-terrain vehicle street operation requirements; ORS 803.305 — Class IV ATV registration

Oregon's Class IV ATV (CIV) is the state's dedicated street-legal off-highway-vehicle class. ORS Chapter 821 defines four ATV classes; Class IV is a side-by-side or quad modified for highway use. To qualify, the vehicle carries the equipment package above (ORS 821.191) and is titled and registered with the Oregon DMV under ORS 803.305 — receiving a standard Oregon license plate rather than the OPRD all-terrain-vehicle operating permit. A Class IV operator must hold a valid Oregon driver license, carry motor-vehicle financial-responsibility insurance under ORS 806.010, and comply with the standard motor-vehicle code. Interstates and limited-access freeways remain off-limits; the OPRD ATV operating permit may still be required when riding designated off-highway trails.

Equipment: Headlights (high + low beam) · Taillight + brake light · Turn signals · Horn · Two rearview mirrors · Windshield (or DOT-approved eye protection) · DOT-approved tires · Spark arrestor + USFS-approved muffler · Visible VIN / ID plate

Allowed roads: Any Oregon highway where Class IV ATVs are not specifically prohibited; not Interstates and not the limited-access freeway segments excluded by ORS 821.191.

75 Pa.C.S. §7721 — restricted-use ATV operation on roads requires governmental designation

Pennsylvania has no statewide street-legal ATV conversion. Under 75 Pa.C.S. §7721, road operation is limited to road segments that a municipality or PennDOT has formally opened — common in Elk, Clearfield, and Cameron counties (the Bloody Skillet / Whiskey Springs DCNR-adjacent network). Off any designated segment, ATVs are restricted to direct crossings only. PA DCNR-registered ATVs may also operate on designated trail systems within state forests under separate trail permits.

Equipment: Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem · Headlight + taillight (operations between sunset and sunrise) · Brake light

Allowed roads: Only on roads or road segments that a municipality (township, borough, or city) or PennDOT has specifically opened to ATV travel; no statewide street-legal pathway.

RIGL Title 31 Chapter 3.2 — ATV registration and operation; RIGL 31-3.2-5 — public-highway operation prohibited

Rhode Island has no DMV street-legal-conversion pathway for ATVs or UTVs. RIGL Chapter 31-3.2 establishes the ATV registration class (DEM-administered for off-road use) and §31-3.2-5 prohibits ATV operation on public roads, shoulders, and rights-of-way with only the direct-crossing exception. The Rhode Island DMV does not issue a road plate for Powersports OHV VINs, and Title 31 does not include a low-speed-vehicle or motor-driven-cycle class that an ATV / UTV can reach through an equipment-upgrade package. Cities and towns have no statutory authority to designate state or local roads for OHV operation; municipal ordinances cannot override the §31-3.2-5 statewide bar.

Allowed roads: Rhode Island has no street-legal pathway for ATVs and UTVs; on-road operation is prohibited regardless of installed equipment. Only direct crossings under RIGL 31-3.2-5 are permitted.

SC Code Title 50 Chapter 26 — Chandler's Law (ATV operation); SC Code §50-26-30 — public-highway prohibition with no conversion provision

South Carolina has no DMV street-legal-conversion pathway for ATVs and UTVs. Title 50 Chapter 26 (Chandler's Law, enacted 2010 following the Chandler Saylor incident) is the state's ATV chapter; §50-26-30 broadly prohibits ATV operation on any public road, shoulder, or right-of-way, with only the standard direct-crossing exception. The chapter contains no provision for owners to upgrade equipment, obtain a DMV plate, or qualify the ATV / UTV under the motor-vehicle code (SC Code Title 56). The SCDMV does not register Powersports OHV VINs for highway use; owners seeking on-road operation must purchase a DOT-class low-speed vehicle, motorcycle, or motor-driven cycle. Counties and municipalities have no statutory authority to designate state highways for OHV use.

Allowed roads: South Carolina has no street-legal pathway for ATVs and UTVs; on-road operation is prohibited under Chandler's Law regardless of installed equipment. Only direct crossings under SC Code §50-26-30 are permitted.

SDCL §32-20A-3 — operation of OHVs on highways under local-government authorisation

South Dakota does not have a statewide street-legal ATV class. Under SDCL §32-20A-3 county and township road authorities may open specific local roads to OHV operation by ordinance. State and US-numbered highways are off-limits except in specifically signed segments. SD requires the operator to hold a valid driver license and to carry the equipment package above; SD vehicle insurance under SDCL §32-35 is required for any road operation under a local-authorisation ordinance. The SD OHV registration / decal under SDCL §32-20A remains the off-highway credential and is required for legal use of state trail systems regardless of road authorisation.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise / restricted visibility) · Brake light · Brake operable by hand or foot · Rearview mirror · Horn (audible 200 ft) · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem · Muffler

Allowed roads: Only on county or township roads that the local road authority has specifically opened to OHV use; state and US-numbered highways excluded unless specifically signed; not Interstates.

TCA §55-8-185 — ATVs on public highways prohibited; local-government designation exception

Tennessee's general prohibition on ATV highway operation under TCA §55-8-185 is subject to a local-option exception: counties (by resolution of the county legislative body) and municipalities (by ordinance) may open roads under their jurisdiction to OHV operation. There is no statewide DMV-plate conversion pathway. Tennessee does not maintain a separate OHV registration program; the operative credential is local-government authorisation plus a valid driver license. Several East Tennessee counties have used the local-option mechanism extensively to support trail-town tourism around the Royal Blue / Brimstone / Coal Creek OHV systems.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Only on roads, streets, and highways that a county or municipality has, by resolution or ordinance, opened to OHV operation; state and federal highways generally excluded; not Interstates.

TX Trans. Code §663.037 — ATV operation on roads under local-authority designation; §663.0375 governmental / utility / farm exception

Texas does not provide a statewide street-legal ATV pathway. TX Transportation Code §663.037 allows a county or municipality to open county / city road segments to ATV operation by ordinance. §663.0375 separately permits governmental, utility, and farm-related operation on the shoulder of any public road for the limited purpose of farm-to-farm or job-site travel under the same equipment requirements. State-numbered highways and Interstates are off-limits in every case. ATV operators on any opened road must hold a valid driver license and the operator's vehicle must carry the equipment package above.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise operation) · Brake operable by hand or foot · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem · Muffler · Rearview mirror (for utility / governmental use)

Allowed roads: Only on county or municipal roads where the local road authority has specifically opened the segment to ATV use; no statewide highway access; not state-numbered highways or Interstates.

UC §41-22-10.5 — Street-legal all-terrain vehicle (SLATV) registration

Utah created a dedicated 'Street-Legal All-Terrain Vehicle' (SLATV) class under UC §41-22-10.5. A compliant ATV / UTV may register as an SLATV at the Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV), receive a Utah license plate, and operate on every road posted ≤50 mph plus all county / city roads. Operator must hold a valid driver license and carry standard Utah motor-vehicle financial-responsibility insurance under UC §41-12a.

Equipment: Headlight (visible 500 ft) · Taillight + brake light · Horn · Rearview mirror · Wheels at least 10 inches · Spark arrestor + muffler · DOT-approved tires (street-legal class)

Allowed roads: All state highways with a posted speed limit of 50 mph or less, plus all county and municipal roads; not Interstates or limited-access highways.

23 V.S.A. §3506 — ATV operation on highways; town-highway authorisation

Vermont under 23 V.S.A. §3506 generally prohibits ATV operation on public highways. Town selectboards may by vote authorise ATV operation on Class 4 town highways and town-maintained trails under their jurisdiction. State highways (US-numbered routes and Vermont state highways) remain off-limits regardless of town action, with only direct-crossing exceptions at controlled intersections. The Vermont ATV Sportsman's Association coordinates with selectboards on connector-trail networks across the state. VT Department of Motor Vehicles ATV registration is required for any operation under a town authorisation.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Only on town highways (Class 4 / trails) that the selectboard has, by vote, opened to ATV operation; state highways generally excluded; not Interstates. Standard direct-crossing exceptions apply.

VA Code §46.2-915.1 — ATV / UTV operation on highways; local-government designation

Virginia under VA Code §46.2-915.1 generally prohibits ATV operation on public highways with standard direct-crossing exceptions. Counties, cities, and towns may by ordinance authorise ATV / UTV operation on roads under their jurisdiction; state-primary highways and Interstates remain excluded regardless of local action. Virginia does not maintain a comprehensive OHV registration program — the operative road-use credential is local authorisation plus the operator's standard driver license. Several Southwest Virginia counties (Buchanan, Tazewell, Dickenson) have used the mechanism extensively to support trail-town tourism around the Spearhead Trails and Hatfield-McCoy spillover systems.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight (sunset to sunrise) · Brakes · Brake light · Rearview mirror · Muffler + spark arrestor

Allowed roads: Only on streets and highways that a county, city, or town has, by ordinance, designated for ATV / UTV operation; state-primary highways generally excluded; not Interstates.

RCW §46.09.455 — Wheeled All-Terrain Vehicle (WATV) operation on public roads

Washington's Wheeled All-Terrain Vehicle (WATV) framework under RCW §46.09.455 allows on-road operation of a registered WATV on public roads with speed limits of 35 mph or less, but only where a county (population 15,000+) or city/town has by ordinance authorised operation. The state issues an on-road WATV metal tag separately from the off-road decal under RCW §46.09.442 — but the on-road tag alone does not grant road operation rights; local ordinance approval is required on top. State highways listed in chapter 47.17 RCW are off-limits unless within city/town limits or under an explicit county ordinance. Eastern Washington counties (Lincoln, Adams, Grant) have made wide use of the mechanism; King and Pierce counties largely have not.

Equipment: Headlight + taillight · Brake lights · Brakes · Rearview mirror · Muffler + spark arrestor · Horn (audible at 200 ft) · Slow-moving-vehicle (SMV) emblem (where required)

Allowed roads: Only on public roadways with a speed limit of 35 mph or less that a county (population 15,000+) has, by ordinance, opened to WATV operation, or that a city or town has, by ordinance, opened. State highways listed in chapter 47.17 RCW are excluded unless within a city/town limits or under a county ordinance; perpendicular crossings of higher-speed roads permitted in limited cases; not Interstates.

WV Code §17F-1-6 — ATV operation on highways

West Virginia under WV Code §17F-1-6 has the most permissive statutory road-use regime among the matrix's local-option states. ATVs may by default operate on the right side of the roadway on any public road that is not designated as a state route. On certain state routes ATVs may travel up to 10 miles between a residence or business and a trail, repair location, or fuel stop. The operator must hold a driver license and the §17F-1-6 equipment / supervision package applies. Municipalities may by ordinance prohibit ATV operation within their corporate limits — many have. The Hatfield-McCoy Regional Trail Authority's connector-trail system relies directly on this statutory framework.

Equipment: Helmet (if under 18 years old) · DOT-approved eye protection (if no windshield)

Allowed roads: Statewide statutory authorisation on the right side of the roadway on most public roads that are not designated as state routes; limited operation (up to 10 miles) on certain state routes between residence/business and trail or repair location; not Interstates; municipalities may by ordinance prohibit operation within corporate limits.

Wis. Stat. §23.33(4)(d) — operation on town / county designated routes

Wisconsin uses a Department of Natural Resources permit + local-designation hybrid. ATV/UTV with an annual DNR registration may operate on town or county roads only after the road authority designates the segment as an ATV route under Wis. Stat. §23.33(4)(d). The DNR registration is the operator-side permit; the local ordinance is the road-side permission. No DMV plate; the DNR sticker is the credential. Lighted operation requires the equipment above between sunset and sunrise.

Equipment: Headlight (between sunset and sunrise) · Taillight · Brake light · Functional muffler

Allowed roads: Town and county roads that the local road authority has designated as an ATV/UTV route; gutter or extreme right of the road; speed limit ≤35 mph unless higher posted route designation; not Interstates.

W.S. §31-2-216 — multipurpose vehicle registration

Wyoming's 'Multipurpose Vehicle' designation under W.S. §31-2-216 covers ATVs / UTVs that meet the equipment package above. Multipurpose vehicles register through the Wyoming Department of Transportation and receive standard motor-vehicle plates. Driver license, motor-vehicle insurance under W.S. §31-4-103, and standard registration fees apply on top of any Wyoming Game & Fish ORV decal — the ORV decal remains the off-highway credential and is separate from the multipurpose-vehicle plate.

Equipment: Headlights + taillights · Brake lights · Horn · Rearview mirror · Brakes · Muffler + spark arrestor · DOT-approved tires

Allowed roads: Any Wyoming state highway, county road, or city street where ATV operation is not signed prohibited; not Interstates.